efficiency of elite fungicide for control of pistachio gummosis

several species of phytophthora cause crown and root rot diseases of herbaceous and woody plants. crown and root rot of pistachio trees cause significant damages in infected orchards. the effect of foliar application with elite (fosetyl-al) in 2 and 2.5 g/l was evaluated in greenhouse experiments. the frequency of mortality, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, height, intensity of crown root colonization using cama-parp medium was determined. under greenhouse experiments, foliar application with elite increased height, fresh and dry weight of shoots and root either in inoculation with and without phytophthora drechsleri. the effects of elite were more pronounced in roots, which increased the fresh and dry weight of root 1.3 and 2.5 times compared to those not sprayed with elite, respectively. on the other hand, the application of elite before or on the day of inoculation significantly reduced the frequency of mortality, which ranged from 35 to 90% (p ≤ 0.01). crown and root colonization of pistachio seedling was affected by both the concentration of elite and reduced the frequency of crown and root colonization of seedling. when fungicide and pathogen were applied at the same time, the frequency of colonization reduced to 18% and 36% for 2 and 2.5 g/l, respectively, and 43% and 60% when seedlings were treated with fungicide before p. drechsleri inoculations. the highest effect was seen in foliar application of elite seven days before inoculation in 2.5 g/l. further investigations have been conducted to understand the effect of elite in infected trees as well as modeling of elite application via soil drench, foliar application or trunk injection.